Workers' Militia

This article is about the Hungarian paramilitary organization. For the Polish paramilitary organization, see Workers' Militia PPS-WRN.

The Workers' Militia (Munkásőrség) was a paramilitary organization in the Hungarian People's Republic from 1957 to 1989.

Workers' Militia

Munkásőrség (Hungarian)
Insignia of the Workers' Militia
Armband of the Workers' Militia
Organization overview
Formed	18 February 1957
Dissolved	31 October 1989
Type	Paramilitary
Jurisdiction	Hungarian People's Republic
Organization executive	General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party
Parent organization	Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party

History

Pre-1956

Slate grey clad Hungarian workers' guards and their PPSh-41 sub-machine guns. With a lightweight, fold-up shoulder strap, it was made in Hungary for a version of the Armed Forces ("Armed Forces"). This basic weapon was used by the Workers' Guard until the early 1970s.

Similar worker-guard organizations existed before 1957 in various socialist countries, partly to the circumvent closing of the Second World War peace treaties (such as the German Democratic Republic's Kampfgruppe squads), in part to provide more actionable, non-regular "popular" groups than the armed forces (such as the Lidové Milice of Czechoslovakia).

Formation

Following the quelled Hungarian Revolution of 1956, the Revolutionary Workers'-Peasants' Government ordered on February 18, 1957, the formation of the Workers' Militia. It replaced the revolutionary regime's special police force (karhatalom or also known as pufajkások, named after their Soviet-style quilted jackets). The slate-grey uniformed and armed Militia's aim was to defend the means of production. It was a voluntary service, but obviously offered some career advantages. Starting with 20,000 members, it gradually developed into a large armed force (60,000 strong in 1988), although they were never deployed.

The first commander of the organization was Lajos Halas (1957–1962), followed by Árpád Papp (1962–1970), then lastly Sándor Borbély (1970–1989).

On May 8, 1985, the Central Committee of the MSZMP relinquished its direct control of the body, and on June 15, a Council of Ministers took over the supervision and control of the Workers' Militia. The Workers' Militia retained its paramilitary focus until the change of regime in Hungary, at the end of 1989.

Disbandment

On November 26, 1989, a referendum was held with the question: "Should the Workers' Militia be disbanded?". The answer was an overwhelming Yes (94.9%), a result which confirmed the previously adopted law (1989 XXXth).

Ranks

Staff position markings

Insignia
Title	Főrevizor	Főügyeletes	Főügyeletes-helyettes	Kapuügyeletes	Csoportvezető	Szolgálatvezető	Törzscsoport munkatárs	Törzscsoport közvetlen állomány	Egységtörzs munkatárs I.	Egységtörzs munkatárs II.	Egységtörzs munkatárs III.	Egységtörzs állomány	Beosztott állomány
English	Controller	Chief duty officer	Principal deputy on duty	Gate duty	Group leader	Service Director	Core group associate	Staff subordinated to the core group	Unit Staff Fellow I	Unit Staff Fellow II	Unit Staff Fellow III	Unit stock	Subordinate staff

Command position markings

Insignia
Title	Országos parancsnok	Országos parancsnok-helyettes	Parancsnok	Parancsnok-helyettes	Csoportvezető főtiszt	Egységparancsnok	Egységparancsnok-helyettes	Szolgálatvezető	Beosztott századparancsnok-helyettes	Század szolgálatvezető	Szakaszparancsnok	Szakaszparancsnok-helyettes	Rajparancsnok	Beosztott munkásőr állomány
English	National Commander	Deputy National Commander	Commander	Deputy Commander	Group Chief Officer	Unit Commander	Deputy Unit Commander	Service Director	Deputy company commander	Company Chief of Staff	Platoon Commander	Deputy Section Commander	Squad Leader	Subordinate worker guard

See also

• Eastern Bloc politics

Similar formations:

• People's Militias
• Combat Groups of the Working Class
• ORMO
• Patriotic Guards
• Worker-Peasant Red Guards